Regulation of plasma K + is mostly accomplished by renal excretion and movement of K + from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (translocation). Plasma (ECF) K + concentration is tightly regulated fairly small changes can have marked effects on organ function, with severe abnormalities of plasma K + being life-threatening situations.
Only 5% of potassium is located in extracellular fluid (ECF), therefore potassium concentration in blood is not always a reflection of total body potassium levels.
60-75% of total body potassium is found within muscle cells, with the remainder in bone. Potassium is the major intracellular cation (intracellular K + concentration is approximately 140 mEq/L) and is important for maintaining resting membrane potential of cells, particularly muscle and nerves.
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